Supporters of a powerful Shia Muslim cleric have set up camp outside parliament in Baghdad, after thousands stormed the Green Zone secure area.
For the first time in weeks of protests they broke into the area, home to embassies and government buildings. A state of emergency has been declared.
Security forces used tear gas and fired shots but there was no major violence.
Demonstrators are angry at delays in approving a new, more transparent government of technocrats.
Supporters of Moqtada Sadr think it would be less corrupt than the current team, which is based on party and religious loyalties.
Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi has called on them to return to designated protest areas.
As darkness fell, the protesters could be seen sitting on lawns or in tents near parliament which they had occupied earlier.
Members of the Sadrist militia group Saraya al-Salam were keeping order in the area, news agencies said.
Earlier, the demonstrators took over the building after breaking through the blast barriers which surround the Green Zone, toppling sections of the wall.
The push began after MPs failed again to convene in sufficient numbers for a vote on the new cabinet.
Stones were thrown at cars thought to be carrying MPs away from the scene.
Inside the chamber, jubilant demonstrators took up the seats of the deputies and posed for photos.
Earlier, Sadr, who was in the southern city of Najaf, warned that the government would fall if reforms were not made.
"Either corrupt [officials] and quotas go or the entire government will be brought down and no-one will be exempt from that," he said.
"I stand by the people today, no-one else, and boycott all the politicians, except those who want real reforms, with all transparency and honesty, waiting for the great popular uprising and the major revolution to stop the march of the corrupt."
Sadr wants Prime Minister Abadi to commit to a plan to replace ministers with non-partisan technocrats.
Powerful parties in parliament have refused to approve the change for several weeks.
Earlier this week, hundreds of thousands of people marched towards the Green Zone to protest against the political deadlock.
Iraq`s system of sharing government jobs has long been criticised for promoting unqualified candidates and encouraging corruption.
Abadi, who came to power in 2014, has promised to stamp out corruption and ease tensions with the Sunni Muslim minority.
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